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 Integrated Energies Customer Data
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Last Page Update: 10/07/07
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See the photo to the right of one of our special Tehachapi "Lite" Turbines, which assists in conserving electrical power and reducing costs for our city's facilities. Now four of them are installed at this location. Click on it for a larger view and more photos. Units like this may be purchased for similar uses and "tuned" to local windspeed distribution curves. These pay for themselves while working hard and are an attractive asset for the community. Contact us for more information.
Click on the image for views of the four turbines.

Customer Qualifications Section
The Story of Air in Motion by "Dutchy" the Windmill
Lecture Notes 1 Air and Its Motion a "Weighty" Subject
Lecture Notes 2 Wind Velocity As Rate of Mass Flow
Lecture Notes 3 Ultimate Windpower - What is Really Possible?
Lecture Notes 4 But Air is 816 Times Less Dense Than Water
Lecture Notes 5 The Ghost of Bernoulli Lingers On
Lecture Notes 6 Conclusion
Wind energy is the technology of extracting the kinetic energy from extraordinarily large, in terms of both magnitude and mass, aerofluid flows, though unseen, provided by the wind. To enlist the help of Newtonian Mechanics in analyzing its potential is only natural and quite readily accomplished as has been seen here in an elementary way within this short series of notes. Energy, after all, is something accompanied by great weights and electrical quantities as implied by terms such as "millions of tons" and "thousands of megawatts".
What seems to have been done during much of the study and development of the technology of wind energy, though, is to divert attention to small, almost insignificant, aerodynamic intricacies and flow anomalies occurring at and near flow surfaces in coming to an understanding in detail of what is happening everywhere in the flow field without exception. When the flow can't be seen, mysterious behaviors are not readily explained and, in stopping to analyze each tree, the forest is at risk of being not given its due consideration. The delays caused by the penchant for making discoveries on the micro-scale is added to the difficulties that arise from the almost merciless scrutiny that windpower must bear under on the world stage as a new technology. Many are the captains of industry who are watching the future unfold with many a plan on how to capitalize on it.
So it is that the aerodynamics studies in wind energy draw outside attention as well. Frozen in rapt awe by the computer imagery and hardware test bed goings on, industrial management in steel, composites, and electrical and mechanical component fabrication as well as high finance nod heads and bow to the relatively unsophisticated wishes of the wind crowd, available to assist the spread of towering structures wherever they may be spread, filled as they are with components and systems developed throughout modern industry, structures that have yet to hold promise of actual significant and overwhelming change. Dazzled by computer-aided flow stream presentations furnished by canny academicians ( such as the one to the left of the vortices behind a Gurney microtab on the trailing edge of a blade provided courtesy of UCal Davis ), those who should have more sense congratulate each other on how fast the technology is advancing, a display reminding one more of the tail wagging the dog than vice versa.
Wind energy needs to remove itself from some of the trappings of aerodynamics minutiae that have accumulated over the years and to be allowed to run free, to not be tied to arcane and intricate flow concepts that have created a closed vocabulary of nomenclature and have set the designs of blade profiles and rotor configurations nearly in concrete. The ennui by and large associated now with what has been handed down may be why the word "theory" has fallen into disfavor even though it is "theory" when conceived afresh and given a hearing with receptive ears that provides the hopes on which the future depends.
It is the big picture that is in need of being conveyed with greater emphasis and thoroughness, the one where air and wind are described as the manifestations and presences in great quantity that they are rather than just what has always been implied by words with which they have been associated such as "empty" and "weather".
Much kindness and good will to everyone out there in wind energy. This concludes this series of website notes. "Dutchy" the Windmill

The "Verticals"
Note this new, revised comment on the potential in theory of vertical axis.
As a courtesy to those interested in vertical axis wind energy technology a comprehensive set of links is provided below to websites where this technology is being offered and that have gained some recognition.
Theory does support the verticals, but experience has proven that more is to be said about them. Aerodynamics study in the past has tended to create the impression that airfoils are readily scalable up and down and so provides data in the form of nondimensional quantities such as coefficients and "numbers", such as the Reynolds Number. In this way, wind tunnel data from small models is made to apply to objects of much larger dimensions.
Despite some of the assurances given, care must be taken to understand that some aspects of aerodynamics are not as readily scalable as others, i.e. that may have scale factors that are other than linear. In particular, the Coanda Effect requires an airfoil surface curvature that is not more than a certain degree of sharpness and this does not scale down readily. Also, parasitic drag is known to bear a relationship to the flow velocity that is of the order of the square or higher, having an enhanced impact when scaling up. The vertical axis configuration may very well have a mid range of dimensions somewhere between small turbines and large turbines that finds better operational efficiences than those outside of it for these two reasons. The usual path taken in development is to start at one scale - as is frequently done when just viewing previous work - and then proceed to a different scale, sometimes finding disappointments when results do not scale similarly as expected (or, conversely, pleasant surprises when finding something better than expected).
In any event, the "Verticals" continue to see active development by a number of companies worldwide as evidenced here.
Aerotecture in Chicago
Cleanfield Energy of Toronto, Canada
Dermond, Inc of Quebec, Canada offered by McKenzie Bay Intl Ltd of Detroit, Michigan
Empire Magnetics of Northern California
Energy Transfer Corp of Great Falls, Montana
EuroWind of Sussex, England
MarcPower of Doehlau, Germany (new)
Mass Megawatts of Massachusetts
Neuhaeuser of Germany Click on "Windtec"
PacWind Inc of Southern California
Quiet Revolution of the UK
Ropatec Windrotor of Northern Italy
Solwind Ltd of Auckland, New Zealand
Sustainable Energy of Alberta, Canada
"Turby" Turbine of The Netherlands
Windformer of Germany
Wind Harvest of California

Special New Downloads Available You Saw
These First Here On The Integrated Energies Site
Verticals Blades
Emulation Software For Study Purposes
VerticalBlade01/VerticalBlade02
Click Above To Download
These are two aerodynamics-studies software
packages that emulate the blades of vertical wind generators. They provide
numerical values equal to a nondimensional driving force at each point around
the blade circuit - across the wind, upwind, downwind - as the blade moves and
as they are influenced by the velocity ratios and preset blade pitch angles.
Results are provided in both graphical format (with superimposed curves for easy
comparison) and tabular format.
See the aptly-named vertical wind generator "Bicycle Pedal"
Effect in action.
See zero and negative pitch angles produce substantial
driving forces.
VerticalBlade02 is an enhancement of
VerticalBlade01 that accounts for airflow deflection at distances removed from
the blade surfaces, assuming a linear taper, and shows how maximum power is
obtained not with positive angles but with negative angles. The entire package
is written in the QBASIC language and the QBASIC language compiler - which now
can be run directly from WINDOWS as well as MS-DOS - is downloaded along with
it. The files must be unzipped with WinZip available at:
Zip File Downloads .
(This function is included in some WINDOWS systems.)

Things Under Review
Verticals Turbines Rotor Swept Area Factor Math Derivation
An equilibrating factor needed for H-Rotors, Darrieuses, and other verticals turbines swept areas.
Wind Energy Quintessential
Extracting greater than 5 MWs of power from the wind with larger multi-rotor structures incorporating centralized power generation at the base.
 Dedicated To Energy Planning and Development
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